There are different types of Temperature Sensors like Temperature Sensor ICs (like LM35, DS18B20), Thermistors, Thermocouples, RTD (Resistive Temperature Devices), etc. A Temperature Sensor, as the name suggests, senses the temperature i.e., it measures the changes in the temperature. One of the most common and most popular sensors is the Temperature Sensor. A list of projects using the above sensors is given at the end of the page. More information about the sensors will be added subsequently. We will see about few of the above-mentioned sensors in brief. All these sensors are used for measuring one of the physical properties like Temperature, Resistance, Capacitance, Conduction, Heat Transfer etc. The following is a list of different types of sensors that are commonly used in various applications. The data in digital sensors, which is used for conversion and transmission, is digital in nature. Analog Sensors produce an analog output i.e., a continuous output signal (usually voltage but sometimes other quantities like Resistance etc.) with respect to the quantity being measured.ĭigital Sensors, in contrast to Analog Sensors, work with discrete or digital data.
The final classification of the sensors are Analog and Digital Sensors. Some of the common conversion phenomena are Photoelectric, Thermoelectric, Electrochemical, Electromagnetic, Thermooptic, etc. The next classification is based on conversion phenomenon i.e., the input and the output. Some of the means of detection are Electric, Biological, Chemical, Radioactive etc. The other type of classification is based on the means of detection used in the sensor. Passive Sensors, on the other hand, do not require any external power signal and directly generates output response. Active Sensors are those which require an external excitation signal or a power signal. In the first classification of the sensors, they are divided in to Active and Passive. The following classification of sensors may already be used by an expert in the subject but this is a very simple classification of sensors. Some are very simple and some are very complex. There are several classifications of sensors made by different authors and experts. Now that we have seen what a sensor is, we will proceed further with the classification of Sensors.
This voltage can be calibrated to the amount of light falling on the LDR. We can connect this LDR in a voltage divider (along with other resistor) and check the voltage drop across the LDR. When the light falling on an LDR is more, its resistance becomes very less and when the light is less, well, the resistance of the LDR becomes very high. It is a device, whose resistance varies according to intensity of light it is subjected to. The simplest example of a sensor is an LDR or a Light Dependent Resistor.
The definition of the Sensor can be better understood if we take an example in to consideration. The term “input device” in the definition of a Sensor means that it is part of a bigger system which provides input to a main control system (like a Processor or a Microcontroller).Īnother unique definition of a Sensor is as follows: It is a device that converts signals from one energy domain to electrical domain. There are numerous definitions as to what a sensor is but I would like to define a Sensor as an input device which provides an output (signal) with respect to a specific physical quantity (input). In fact, there are hundreds of individual control systems which preform unique tasks for a safe and smooth journey.īut in this tutorial, we will be concentrating on the Sensors part of a system and look at different concepts associated with Sensors (like types, characteristics, classification etc.).
This is an extremely simplified version of Flight Control System. The combination of Sensors, Computers and Mechanics makes it possible to run the plane in Autopilot Mode.Īll the parameters i.e., the Sensors (which give inputs to the Computers), the Computers (the brains of the system) and the mechanics (the outputs of the system like engines and motors) are equally important in building a successful automated system. The computer then provides control signals to different parts like engines, flaps, rudders, motors etc. A Computer takes data from all these sensors and processes them by comparing them with pre-designed values. Almost all civilian and military aircrafts have the feature of Automatic Flight Control system or sometimes called as Autopilot.Īn Automatic Flight Control System consists of several sensors for various tasks like speed control, height monitoring, position tracking, status of doors, obstacle detection, fuel level, maneuvering and many more. The example we are talking about here is the Autopilot System in aircrafts.
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